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变压器工作原理
变压器工作原理
Working principle of transformer
变压器由铁芯（或磁芯）和线圈组成，线圈有两个或两个以上的绕组，其中接电源的绕组叫初级线圈，其余的绕组叫次级线圈。它可以变换交流电压、电流和阻抗。最简单的铁心变压器由一个软磁材料做成的铁心及套在铁心上的两个匝数不等的线圈构成，如图所示。
A transformer consists of an iron core (or a core) and a coil. The coil has two or more than two windings, in which the winding of the power supply is called the primary coil and the rest of the winding is called the secondary coil. It can transform the AC voltage, current and impedance. The simplest core transformer consists of a core made of a soft magnetic material and a coil of two turns on the core, as shown in the figure.
铁心的作用是加强两个线圈间的磁耦合。为了减少铁内涡流和磁滞损耗，铁心由涂漆的硅钢片叠压而成;两个线圈之间没有电的联系，线圈由绝缘铜线（或铝线）绕成。一个线圈接交流电源称为初级线圈（或原线圈），另一个线圈接用电器称为次级线圈（或副线圈）。实际的变压器是很复杂的，不可避免地存在铜损（线圈电阻发热）、铁损（铁心发热）和漏磁（经空气闭合的磁感应线）等，为了简化讨论这里只介绍理想变压器。理想变压器成立的条件是：忽略漏磁通，忽略原、副线圈的电阻，忽略铁心的损耗，忽略空载电流（副线圈开路原线圈线圈中的电流）。例如电力变压器在满载运行时（副线圈输出额定功率）即接近理想变压器情况。
The core is to enhance the magnetic coupling between the two coils. In order to reduce the internal eddy current and hysteresis loss, the iron core is laminated by the coated silicon steel sheet; there is no electrical connection between the two coils, and the coil is wound by the insulated copper wire (or the aluminum wire). A coil is connected to an AC power source, called the primary coil (or the original coil), and the other coil is called secondary coil (or secondary coil). The actual transformer is very complex, inevitably there is copper loss (coil resistance heating), iron loss (iron core heating) and magnetic flux leakage (through the air closed magnetic induction line) and so on. In order to simplify the discussion here, only the ideal transformer is introduced. The condition of the ideal transformer is to ignore the leakage flux, ignore the resistance of the original and secondary coils, ignore the loss of the core, and ignore the no-load current (the current in the original coil coil of the auxiliary coil). For example, when the power transformer is running at full load (the secondary coil output rated power) is close to the ideal transformer condition.
Working principle of transformer
变压器由铁芯（或磁芯）和线圈组成，线圈有两个或两个以上的绕组，其中接电源的绕组叫初级线圈，其余的绕组叫次级线圈。它可以变换交流电压、电流和阻抗。最简单的铁心变压器由一个软磁材料做成的铁心及套在铁心上的两个匝数不等的线圈构成，如图所示。
A transformer consists of an iron core (or a core) and a coil. The coil has two or more than two windings, in which the winding of the power supply is called the primary coil and the rest of the winding is called the secondary coil. It can transform the AC voltage, current and impedance. The simplest core transformer consists of a core made of a soft magnetic material and a coil of two turns on the core, as shown in the figure.
铁心的作用是加强两个线圈间的磁耦合。为了减少铁内涡流和磁滞损耗，铁心由涂漆的硅钢片叠压而成;两个线圈之间没有电的联系，线圈由绝缘铜线（或铝线）绕成。一个线圈接交流电源称为初级线圈（或原线圈），另一个线圈接用电器称为次级线圈（或副线圈）。实际的变压器是很复杂的，不可避免地存在铜损（线圈电阻发热）、铁损（铁心发热）和漏磁（经空气闭合的磁感应线）等，为了简化讨论这里只介绍理想变压器。理想变压器成立的条件是：忽略漏磁通，忽略原、副线圈的电阻，忽略铁心的损耗，忽略空载电流（副线圈开路原线圈线圈中的电流）。例如电力变压器在满载运行时（副线圈输出额定功率）即接近理想变压器情况。
The core is to enhance the magnetic coupling between the two coils. In order to reduce the internal eddy current and hysteresis loss, the iron core is laminated by the coated silicon steel sheet; there is no electrical connection between the two coils, and the coil is wound by the insulated copper wire (or the aluminum wire). A coil is connected to an AC power source, called the primary coil (or the original coil), and the other coil is called secondary coil (or secondary coil). The actual transformer is very complex, inevitably there is copper loss (coil resistance heating), iron loss (iron core heating) and magnetic flux leakage (through the air closed magnetic induction line) and so on. In order to simplify the discussion here, only the ideal transformer is introduced. The condition of the ideal transformer is to ignore the leakage flux, ignore the resistance of the original and secondary coils, ignore the loss of the core, and ignore the no-load current (the current in the original coil coil of the auxiliary coil). For example, when the power transformer is running at full load (the secondary coil output rated power) is close to the ideal transformer condition.
