冷却法
Cooling method
这种灭火法的原理是将灭火剂直接喷射到燃烧的物体上，以降低燃烧的温度于燃点之下，使燃烧停止。或将灭火剂喷洒在火源附近的物质上，使其不因火焰热辐射作用而形成新的火点。 冷却灭火法是灭火的一种主要方法，常用水和二氧化碳作灭火剂冷却降温灭火。灭火剂在灭火过程中不参与燃烧过程中的化学反应。这种方法属于物理灭火方法。
The principle of this fire extinguishing method is to spray fire extinguishing agent directly onto the burning object, so as to reduce the temperature of combustion below the ignition point and stop the combustion. Or spray fire extinguishing agent on the material near the fire source, so that it does not form a new fire point because of the thermal radiation of the flame. Cooling fire extinguishing is a main method of fire extinguishing. Water and carbon dioxide are commonly used as fire extinguishing agents to cool down and extinguish fire. Fire extinguishing agent does not participate in the chemical reaction in the combustion process. This method belongs to physical fire extinguishing method.
隔离法
Isolation method
隔离灭火法是将正在燃烧的物质和周围未燃烧的可燃物质隔离或移开，中断可燃物质的供给，使燃烧因缺少可燃物而停止。具体方法有：
The isolation fire extinguishing method is to isolate or remove the burning material from the surrounding unburned combustible material, interrupt the supply of combustible material, and stop the combustion due to lack of combustible material. Specific methods are:
1、把火源附近的可燃、易燃、易爆和助燃物品搬走；
1. Remove inflammable, flammable, explosive and combustion-supporting materials near the source of fire;
2、关闭可燃气体、液体管道的阀门，以减少和阻止可燃物质进入燃烧区；
2. Close the valves of flammable gas and liquid pipelines to reduce and prevent the inflammable substances from entering the combustion zone.
3、设法阻拦流散的易燃、可燃液体；
3. To prevent the dispersal of flammable and flammable liquids;
4、拆除与火源相毗连的易燃建筑物，形成防止火势蔓延的空间地带。
4. Demolish flammable buildings adjacent to fire sources to form a space zone to prevent the spread of fire.
窒息法
Asphyxia
窒息灭火法是阻止空气流入燃烧区或用不燃烧区或用不燃物质冲淡空气，使燃烧物得不到足够的氧气而熄灭的灭火方法。具体方法是：
Asphyxiation fire extinguishing method is a fire extinguishing method that prevents air from flowing into combustion zone or diluting air with non-combustion zone or non-combustible substance, so that the combustible substance can not get enough oxygen and extinguish it. The specific methods are:
1、用沙土、水泥、湿麻袋、湿棉被等不燃或难燃物质覆盖燃烧物；
1. Cover the burning materials with non-flammable or non-flammable materials such as sand, cement, wet sacks, wet quilts, etc.
2、喷洒雾状水、干粉、泡沫等灭火剂覆盖燃烧物；
2, spray mist water, dry powder, foam and other extinguishing agents to cover the combustion.
3、用水蒸气或氮气、二氧化碳等惰性气体灌注发生火灾的容器、设备；
3. Water vapor or inert gases such as nitrogen and carbon dioxide are used to perfuse containers and equipment in case of fire.
4、密闭起火建筑、设备和孔洞；
4. Closed fire buildings, equipment and holes;
5、把不燃的气体或不燃液体（如二氧化碳、氮气、四氯化碳等）喷洒到燃烧物区域内或燃烧物上。
5. Spray non-flammable gases or non-flammable liquids (such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen, carbon tetrachloride, etc.) into the burning area or on the burning matter.